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The use of copper in a shield and/or as an antimicrobial barrier:

  • Vincent, M., Duval, R. E., Hartemann, P., & Engels-Deutsch, M. (2018). Contact killing and antimicrobial properties of copper. Journal of Applied Microbiology,124(5), 1032–1046.https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13681
  • The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have accepted the registration of copper surfaces for use against coronavirus and other viruses. SeeSalah, I., Parkin, I. P., & Allan, E. (2021). Copper as an antimicrobial agent: recent advances. RSC Advances, 11(30), 18179–18186.https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ra02149d, and US EPA, O. (2021, February 10).EPA Registers Copper Surfaces for Residual Use Against Coronavirus. Www.epa.gov.https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-registers-copper-surfaces-residual-use-against-coronavirus.
  • Grass, G., Rensing, C., & Solioz, M. (2010). Metallic Copper as an Antimicrobial Surface.Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(5), 1541–1547.https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.02766-10
  • Laboratory, A. (n.d.).Scientists use copper nanowires to combat the spread of diseases.Phys.org.https://phys.org/news/2022-07-scientists-copper-nanowires-combat-diseases.html
  • Morrison, J. (2020, April 14). Copper’s Virus-Killing Powers Were Known Even to the Ancients (The SARS-CoV-2 virus endures for days on plastic or metal but disintegrates soon after landing on copper surfaces. Here’s why).Smithsonian Magazine.https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/copper-virus-kill-180974655/‌

The use of silver in a shield and/or as an antimicrobial barrier:

  • Tan, G. Z., Orndorff, P. E., & Shirwaiker, R. A. (2018). The Ion Delivery Manner Influences the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver Oligodynamic Iontophoresis.Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering, 39(4), 622–631.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40846-018-0447-1
  • Sim, W., Barnard, R. T., Blaskovich, M. A. T., & Ziora, Z. M. (2018). Antimicrobial Silver in Medicinal and Consumer Applications: A Patent Review of the Past Decade (2007–2017). Antibiotics, 7(4).https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics7040093
  • Jeremiah, S. S., Miyakawa, K., Morita, T., Yamaoka, Y., & Ryo, A. (2020). Potent antiviral effect of silver nanoparticles on SARS-CoV-2.Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 533(1), 195–200.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.018
  • Teirumnieks, E., Balchev, I., Singh Ghalot, R., & Lazov, L. (2020, December 14). Antibacterial and anti-viral effects of silver nanoparticles in medicine against COVID-19—a review [Review of Antibacterial and anti-viral effects of silver nanoparticles in medicine against COVID-19—a review]. IopScience. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1555-6611/abc873‌

The use of a Triboelectric Effect:

  • Scientists develop virus-blocking textile that effectively repulses SARS-CoV-2. (2022, March 18). News-Medical.net. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220318/Scientists-develop-virus-blocking-textile-that-effectively-repulses-SARS-CoV-2.aspx
  • Arbeitman, C. R., Rojas, P., Ojeda-May, P., & Garcia, M. E. (2021). The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is vulnerable to moderate electric fields.Nature Communications, 12(1).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25478-7
  • Design of a self-powered triboelectric face mask. (2021). Nano Energy, 79, 105387.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105387
  • Triboelectricity can boost the efficiency and lifetime of filter masks. (2021, May 26). Physics World. https://physicsworld.com/a/triboelectricity-can-boost-the-efficiency-and-lifetime-of-filter-masks/

Other articles:

  • The environmental toll of disposable masks, July 20, 2021: https://news.mit.edu/2021/covid-masks-environment-0720
  • The Harmful Environmental Impacts of Disposable Masks, Mar 6, 2022: https://www.pghr.org/post/the-harmful-environmental-impacts-of-disposable-masks

*Note: All links cited (and active) as of November 21, 2022.

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